"There is a well documented report by Guma'a of VIVIPARITY in this species(1982; Hydrobiologia 89: 285-300; see Wildekamp '96 for review). Guma'a's specimens were from the Bahr el Ghazel. Incredibly, despite the general interest in the evolution of viviparity, NO ONE has followed this up even to the extent of just looking at specimens from other drainages." Bruce Turner, June 2022, FB